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crankcase ventilation system
A crankcase ventilation system is a one way passage for gases to escape in a controlled manner from the crankcase of an internal combustion engine.
This is necessary because internal combustion inevitably involves a small but continual amount of blow-by, which occurs when some of the gases from the combustion leak past the piston rings (that is, ''blow by'' them) to end up inside the crankcase, causing pressure to build up in the crank case. For control of the pressure inside it, a PCV (Positive crankshaft ventilation) is used to vent the crank case.
==Early provisions==
From the late 19th century through the early 20th, blow-by gases were allowed to be exhausted into the atmosphere. 〔It was considered normal for oil to be found both inside and outside an engine, and for oil to drip to the ground in small but constant amounts.〕 This had also been true for steam engines and steam locomotives in the decades before. Even bearing and valve designs generally made little to no provision for keeping oil or waste gases contained. Sealed bearings and valve covers were for special applications only. Gaskets and shaft seals were meant to limit loss of oil, but they were usually not expected to entirely prevent it. On internal combustion engines, the hydrocarbon-rich blow-by gases would diffuse through the oil in the seals and gaskets into the atmosphere. Engines with high amounts of blow-by (usually worn out engines, or those not well built to begin with) would leak profusely.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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